At Enron, she was somewhat of an anomaly because she was nearly 40 years older, making her older than many colleagues. Among a management team where divorce and infidelity were common, Watkins was one of the few who was married. These demographic factors may have set her apart from the rest of the management team.
She was also known to be outspoken Duffy, the smartest guys in the room pdf download , a quality that could have extremely negative career repercussions at Enron, the smartest guys in the room pdf download. The remarkable similarity among the top management team in personality characteristics, life experiences, and educational background in combination with uniformity in management styles and predominant managerial postures led to a leadership team that was highly imbalanced.
The strong uniformity among the management team and their hands-off management style led to a weakness in internal control that, among other factors, contributed to an environment that was ripe for ethical lapses. Ken Lay, for example, was acutely aware of the the smartest guys in the room pdf download context of the business and believed that energy markets should be deregulated and lobbied tirelessly for change on Capitol Hill.
The power of deregulation gave rise to new business opportunities for Enron. However, Lay also had sensitivity to the nature of politics and the need to maintain relationships with politicians and became the largest contributor to the George W.
Bush campaign. Other top leaders were similarly insulated from the consequences of their actions. Research has highlighted 7 characteristics that have a particularly strong correlation to effective leadership: dominance, creativity, charisma, interpersonal skills, the smartest guys in the room pdf download , management skills, problem-solving skills, and decision making. Positive characteristics, however, can the smartest guys in the room pdf download leadership liabilities if overdeveloped.
Figure 2 shows an organigraph of Enron. Figure 2. Organigraph of Enron. The Enron organigraph depicts the organization in a structure that is envisioned as both a cell and a planetary system.
The overall shape is a cytoplasmic fluid of change as the company constantly changed its direction and restructured its internal units. At the center is Jeff Skilling, the charismatic leader who the smartest guys in the room pdf download the most influence in shaping the corporate culture, and who is surrounded by other top managers in a hub formation.
The leadership team managed units in a hierarchical fashion, as this structure is designed to represent a traditional organizational chart placed in a cell format in a greatly simplified fashion.
The smartest guys in the room pdf download of these units formed the basis of subsidiary organizations; however, most subsidiaries are not truly separate from the main organization. The management team exerted influence and control over their employees and their focus and influence radiated outward to the external environment where they are making deals with other organizations.
The cell has various tentacles that are attached as acquisitions over the years. The bubble burst figure is the traders who traded energy commodities on the open market. Orbiting around the cell are the special purpose entities which are separate organizational structures designed to keep debt off the books, away from the main company, but these organizations are not strongly connected to the main cell body.
A cultural paradigm is a schematic which captures the underlying assumptions on which a corporate culture is based. Enron cultural paradigm. Enron valued innovation, creativity, change and adaptability, and competitive dominance of the marketplace— and the company richly rewarded employees who achieved these objectives. The market culture is primarily concerned with competitive dominance and attaining company goals and objectives.
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